Ibukeka Kanjani Izinhlamvu zemali Zenselele?

Ngokuvamile, izinhlamvu zemali eziphonselwa inselelo zingamayintshi angu-1.5 kuya ku-2 ububanzi, futhi zicishe zibe ngu-1/10-intshi ubukhulu, kodwa izitayela nosayizi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu—ezinye zize zibe ngamajamo angajwayelekile njengezihlangu, amaphentagoni, imicibisholo, namathegi ezinja. Izinhlamvu zemali ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-pewter, ithusi, noma i-nickel, enezinhlobonhlobo zokuqeda ezitholakalayo (ezinye izinhlamvu zemali ezilinganiselwe zifakwe ngegolide). Imiklamo ingaba lula—ukuqoshwa kophawu lwenhlangano nesiqubulo—noma ibe nokugqamile koqweqwe lwazo, imiklamo enezinhlangothi eziningi, nokusikwa.

Inselele Yohlamvu Origins

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kungani futhi kuphi isiko lezinhlamvu zemali eziyinselele laqala. Yinye into eqinisekile: Izinhlamvu zemali nenkonzo yezempi zibuyela emuva kakhulu kunenkathi yethu yanamuhla.

Esinye sezibonelo zokuqala ezaziwayo zesosha elibhalisiwe eliklonyeliswa ngokwezimali ngobuqhawe senzeka eRoma Yasendulo. Uma isosha lenze kahle empini ngalolo suku, lalithola umholo walo ovamile wosuku, kanye nohlamvu lwemali oluhlukile njengebhonasi. Okunye ukulandisa kuthi uhlamvu lwemali lwaluklanywe ngokukhethekile ngophawu lwebutho olwaphuma kulo, okwashukumisela amadoda athile ukuba abambelele ezinhlamvu zemali zawo njengesikhumbuzo, kunokuba azisebenzise kwabesifazane nasewayinini.

Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu zemali kwezempi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Nakuba izinhlamvu zemali eziningi zisanikezwa njengezimpawu zokubonga ngomsebenzi owenziwe kahle, ikakhulukazi kulabo abakhonza njengengxenye yokusebenza kwezempi, abanye abaphathi bashintshanisa cishe njengamakhadi ebhizinisi noma ama-autographs abangawengeza eqoqweni. Kukhona nezinhlamvu zemali isosha elingazisebenzisa njengebheji kamazisi ukufakazela ukuthi zisebenze neyunithi ethile. Kanti ezinye izinhlamvu zemali zinikezwa izakhamuzi ukuze zibonakale, noma zithengiswa njengethuluzi lokuqongelela imali.

Uhlamvu Lwemali Olusemthethweni Lokuqala Olusemthethweni...Mhlawumbe

Nakuba engekho oqinisekayo ukuthi izinhlamvu zemali zaba inselele kanjani, enye indaba ihlehlela emuva eMpini Yezwe I, lapho isikhulu esicebile sithola izindondo zethusi ngophawu lweqembu elindizayo ukuze sizinike amadoda aso. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, enye yezinsikazi ezindizayo yadutshulwa yawela phezu kweJalimane futhi yabanjwa. AmaJalimane athatha yonke into kumuntu wakhe ngaphandle kwesikhwama esincane sesikhumba ayesifake entanyeni esasiphethe indondo yakhe.

Umshayeli wendiza wabaleka futhi walibangisa eFrance. Kodwa amaFulentshi akholelwa ukuthi uyinhloli, futhi amgweba ukuba abulawe. Emzamweni wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani, umshayeli wendiza unikeze indondo. Isosha laseFrance lenzekile labona insignia futhi ukubulawa kwabambezeleka. AmaFulentshi aqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani futhi ambuyisela kuyunithi yakhe.

Enye yezinhlamvu zemali zokuqala eziyinselelo yaqanjwa nguColonel “Buffalo Bill” Quinn, i-17th Infantry Regiment, owayenzela amadoda akhe phakathi neMpi YaseKorea. Uhlamvu lwemali luhlanganisa inyathi ngakolunye uhlangothi njengokuvuma ngekhanda kumdali wayo, kanye nophawu lweRegiment ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kwabhodlwa imbobo phezulu ukuze amadoda akwazi ukuyifaka entanyeni, esikhundleni sesikhwama sesikhumba.

Inselele

Izindaba zithi inselele yaqala eJalimane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Abantu baseMelika ababemi lapho bathatha isiko lendawo lokwenza “amasheke e-pfennig.” I-pfennig yayiyihlelo eliphansi kakhulu lohlamvu lwemali eJalimane, futhi uma ungenayo lapho kubizwa isheke, wawunamathela ekuthengeni obhiya. Lokhu kuvele ku-pfenning kuya kumedali yeyunithi, futhi amalungu "azophonselana inselelo" ngokujikijela imedali phansi kubha. Uma noma yiliphi ilungu elikhona lingenayo indondo yalo, bekufanele lithengele imbangi isiphuzo nanoma ubani omunye owayenohlamvu lwemali lwalo. Uma wonke amanye amalungu enezindondo zawo, lowo ophonse inselelo kwakufanele athengele wonke umuntu iziphuzo.

Ukuxhawula Imfihlo

NgoJuni 2011, uNobhala Wezokuvikela uRobert Gates wavakashela izizinda zamasosha e-Afghanistan ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Endleleni wayexhawula inqwaba yamadoda nabesifazane baseButhweni okwakubonakala sengathi nje kuyithuba lokubonisana nje inhlonipho. Empeleni, kwakuwukuxhawulana okuyimfihlo nokumangala ngaphakathi kumamukeli—uhlamvu lwemali olukhethekile lukaNobhala Wezokuvikela.

Akuzona zonke izinhlamvu zemali eziyinselelo ezidluliswa ngokuxhawulana okuyimfihlo, kodwa sekuyisiko abaningi ababambelela kulo. Kungaba umsuka wayo ngeMpi Yesibili Yamabhunu, eyalwiwa phakathi kwamakoloni aseBrithani naseNingizimu Afrika ekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka lama-20. AbaseBrithani baqasha amasosha amaningi enhlanhla kule ngxabano, okwathi ngenxa yesimo sabo sobungcweti, abakwazanga ukuthola izindondo zobuqhawe. Nokho, kwakungeyona into engavamile ukuba umphathi walawo masosha athole indawo yokulala esikhundleni salokho. Izindaba zithi amaphoyisa angathunywanga ayevame ukunyonyoba etendeni lesikhulu esiklonyeliswe ngokungafanele bese asika indondo kuribhoni. Khona-ke, emcimbini womphakathi, babebiza umphathi ofanelekayo phambili futhi, ephethe indondo, alixhawule, alidlulisele esosheni njengendlela yokulibonga ngokungaqondile ngomsebenzi walo.

Izinhlamvu Zemali Ezikhethekile

Izinhlamvu zemali eziyinselele zaqala ukubamba phakathi neMpi YeVietnam. Izinhlamvu zemali zokuqala zale nkathi zadalwa yi-Army's 10th noma 11th Special Forces Group futhi zazingaphezu nje kwezimali ezivamile ezinophawu lweyunithi lugxivizwe ohlangothini olulodwa, kodwa amadoda eyunithi ayewathwala ngokuziqhenya.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, nokho, bekuphephe kakhulu kunenye indlela—amakilabhu ezinhlamvu, amalungu awo aphethe inhlamvu eyodwa engasetshenziswanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Eziningi zalezi zinhlamvu zanikezwa njengomvuzo wokusinda emsebenzini, ngombono wokuthi manje “sekuyinhlamvu yokugcina,” okufanele usetshenziswe kuwena esikhundleni sokuzinikela uma ukunqotshwa kubonakala kuseduze. Yebo ukuphatha inhlamvu kwakumane kuwumbukiso we-machismo, ngakho lokho okwaqala njengesibhamu esiphathwayo noma imizuliswano ye-M16, ngokushesha kwanda kwaba yizinhlamvu ezingu-.50, imizuliswano yokulwa nezindiza, ngisho namagobolondo ezibhamu ngomzamo wokubambisana.

Ngeshwa, lapho la malungu ekilabhu yezinhlamvu ethula “Inselelo” komunye nomunye ezindaweni zotshwala, kwakusho ukuthi ayegasela etafuleni izinhlamvu ezibukhoma. Bekhathazekile ngokuthi kungase kwenzeke ingozi ebulalayo, umyalo wawuvala umthetho, futhi esikhundleni sawo wafaka izinhlamvu zemali ze-Special Forces ezilinganiselwe. Ngokushesha cishe yonke iyunithi yayinohlamvu lwazo lwemali, futhi abanye baze benza izinhlamvu zemali zesikhumbuzo zezimpi ezilwe kanzima ukuze banikeze labo ababehlala ukuze baxoxe indaba.

Umongameli (kanye nePhini Likamongameli) Izinhlamvu zemali Zenselele

Ukuqala ngoBill Clinton, wonke umongameli ube nenselelo yakhe yemali futhi, kusukela uDick Cheney, iphini likamongameli libe nayo.

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlamvu zemali zikaMongameli ezimbalwa ezihlukene—eyokugcotshwa, enye ekhumbula ukuphathwa kwakhe, futhi enye etholakala emphakathini jikelele, ngokuvamile ezitolo zezipho noma ku-inthanethi. Kodwa kukhona eyodwa ekhethekile, uhlamvu lukamongameli olusemthethweni olungatholwa kuphela ngokuxhawula umuntu onamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Njengoba ungase uqagele, lena yizinhlamvu zemali eziyivelakancane nezifunwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinselelo.

UMongameli angakhipha uhlamvu lwemali ngokubona kwakhe, kodwa ngokuvamile lugcinelwa izikhathi ezikhethekile, izisebenzi zezempi, noma izicukuthwane zakwamanye amazwe. Kuthiwa uGeorge W. Bush ubegcinele amasosha alimele izinhlamvu zemali abuya eMiddle East. UMongameli Obama uzinikeza kaningi, ikakhulukazi emasosheni athatha izitebhisi ku-Air Force One.

Ngale Kwezempi

Izinhlamvu zemali eziyinselele manje sezisetshenziswa izinhlangano eziningi ezahlukene. Kuhulumeni wobumbano, wonke umuntu kusukela kuma-Secret Service agents kuya kubasebenzi be-White House kuya ezigodini zomuntu siqu zikaMongameli banezinhlamvu zabo zemali. Cishe izinhlamvu zemali ezipholile kakhulu yilezo ze-White House Military Aides-abantu abaphethe ibhola le-athomu-abazinhlamvu zabo, ngokwemvelo, zisesimweni sebhola.

Kodwa-ke, sibonga ngokwengxenye ezinkampanini zezinhlamvu zemali zangokwezifiso eziku-inthanethi, wonke umuntu uyangena esikweni. Namuhla, kuvamile ukuba amaphoyisa nabezicishamlilo babe nezinhlamvu zemali, njengoba kwenza izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi, njengeLions Club namaBoy Scouts. Ngisho nabadlali be-Star Wars cosplayers be-501st Legion, abagibeli be-Harley Davidson, nabasebenzisi be-Linux banezinhlamvu zabo zemali. Izinhlamvu zemali zokuphonselwa inselelo seziphenduke indlela ehlala isikhathi eside, eqoqwa kakhulu yokubonisa ukwethembeka kwakho noma nini, noma kuphi